手法を比較

	項目分析（古典的テスト理論）	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1979	1952–1968
提唱者	Classical Test Theory tradition; foundational texts by Allen & Yen (1979) and Crocker & Algina (1986)	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Descriptive / psychometric screening	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	Allen, M. J. & Yen, W. M. (1979). Introduction to Measurement Theory. Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 978-0818501333	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	Madde Analizi (Klasik Test Kuramı), CTT item analysis, classical item analysis	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	5	5
概要	Item analysis is the foundational psychometric procedure for evaluating the quality of individual test or scale items within the Classical Test Theory (CTT) framework, as systematised by Allen and Yen (1979) and Crocker and Algina (1986). It produces an item difficulty index, an item discrimination index, and a distractor analysis for each item, enabling test developers to identify items that are too easy, too hard, or failing to separate high- and low-ability respondents.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.