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| 階層線形モデリング（HLM / マルチレベルモデリング）× | 混合効果モデル× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 統計学 | 統計学 |
| 系統≠ | Hypothesis test | Regression model |
| 提唱年≠ | 1986 | 1982 |
| 提唱者≠ | Raudenbush & Bryk (popularized); Goldstein (parallel development) | Laird & Ware |
| 種類≠ | Parametric nested-data regression | Mixed effects regression |
| 原典≠ | Raudenbush, S.W. & Bryk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919049 | Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974. DOI ↗ |
| 別名≠ | HLM, MLM, multilevel modeling, multilevel analysis | LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model |
| 関連 | 4 | 4 |
| 概要≠ | Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), also known as Multilevel Modeling (MLM), is a parametric statistical method for analyzing nested or clustered data — for example students within classrooms, patients within hospitals, or employees within organizations. Formalized by Raudenbush and Bryk in their 2002 seminal text (building on work from the mid-1980s), HLM simultaneously estimates individual-level and group-level effects while correctly partitioning variance across levels. | A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated. |
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