手法を比較

	異質的処置効果（CATE / メタ学習器）	操作変数法（IV/2SLS）による推定
分野	因果推論	因果推論
系統	Regression model	Regression model
提唱年	2018	2009
提唱者	Wager & Athey (causal forest); Künzel et al. (meta-learners)	Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment); Stock & Yogo (weak-instrument theory)
種類	Causal machine-learning framework	Instrumental-variables regression
原典	Wager, S. & Athey, S. (2018). Estimation and Inference of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects using Random Forests. Journal of the American Statistical Association.	Angrist, J. D. & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
別名	conditional average treatment effect, CATE, meta-learners, causal forest	instrumental variables, IV estimation, 2SLS, instrumental variable regression
関連	5	5
概要	Heterogeneous Treatment Effects is a machine-learning framework that estimates how a treatment effect varies across individuals — the conditional average treatment effect (CATE). It bundles meta-learner strategies such as the T-Learner, S-Learner, X-Learner and R-Learner alongside the causal forest of Wager and Athey (2018) and Künzel et al. (2019).	IV/2SLS is a two-stage estimation method that recovers the causal effect of an endogenous regressor by isolating the part of its variation driven by an external instrument. It is the workhorse identification strategy in modern applied econometrics, developed at length in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics (2009).