手法を比較

	グラッドマン尺度	内容妥当性比率
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1944	1975
提唱者	Louis Guttman	Charles H. Lawshe
種類	Cumulative unidimensional scaling methodology	Expert panel content validity assessment
原典	Guttman, L. (1944). A basis for scaling qualitative data. American Sociological Review, 9(2), 139-150.	Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
別名	Cumulative scale, Scalogram analysis, Guttman scaling, Unidimensional cumulative scale	CVR, Content validity index, Expert judgment content validity, Lawshe CVR
関連	4	4
概要	Guttman scaling is a methodology for constructing unidimensional scales with a cumulative property, developed by Louis Guttman in 1944. The method assumes that items form a perfect or near-perfect hierarchy: if a respondent endorses a harder item, they must endorse all easier items below it. This creates a reproducible scale structure useful for measuring constructs with ordinal properties such as difficulty, intensity, or severity.	The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) is a quantitative method developed by Charles Lawshe in 1975 for evaluating the extent to which items in a measurement instrument are relevant and representative of a target construct. The method aggregates expert panel judgments into a single validity coefficient for each item, enabling researchers to identify and retain only those items deemed essential by domain experts. CVR provides objective support for content validity claims during scale development.