手法を比較

	地球物理インバージョン	地震反射探査解釈	坑井测井分析
分野	地球科学	地球科学	地球科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1963	1960s	1940s
提唱者	Tikhonov and Tarantola	Dobrin and Savit	Guyod and Barnhart
種類	data assimilation pipeline	geophysical imaging pipeline	subsurface characterization pipeline
原典	Tarantola, A. (1987). Inverse Problem Theory: Methods for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation. Elsevier.	Yilmaz, Ö. (2001). Seismic Data Analysis: Processing, Inversion, and Interpretation of Seismic Data. Society of Exploration Geophysicists.	Asquith, G. B., & Gibson, C. R. (2004). Basic Well Log Analysis (2nd ed.). American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
別名	inverse problem solving, parameter estimation, model-data fitting	seismic interpretation, seismic data analysis	wireline logging, borehole logging, petrophysical analysis
関連	3	5	5
概要	Geophysical inversion is the process of using observed geophysical data to estimate subsurface properties and structures. Formalized by Tikhonov (1963) and expanded by Tarantola (1987), this mathematical framework solves the inverse problem: given measurements (gravity, magnetics, seismic, electrical), what subsurface model produced them? Inversion is central to all quantitative geophysics and enables extraction of detailed subsurface information from surface or borehole measurements.	Seismic reflection interpretation is the process of extracting meaningful geological information from seismic survey data, which is collected by recording elastic waves reflected from rock layers beneath the surface. Developed and systematized in the mid-20th century, this method is foundational in petroleum exploration and engineering geology. It enables geoscientists to image subsurface structures, identify hydrocarbon prospects, and assess hazards without drilling.	Well log analysis is the systematic examination of measurements recorded by instruments lowered into a borehole to characterize subsurface lithology, fluid content, and petrophysical properties. Originating in the 1940s, this method has become indispensable for petroleum exploration, groundwater assessment, and engineering geology. Well logs provide direct depth-correlated data that anchor interpretation of seismic surveys and constrain reservoir models.