手法を比較

	Gale-Shapleyアルゴリズム	プリンシパル・エージェント・モデル
分野	ゲーム理論	ゲーム理論
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1962	1976
提唱者	David Gale, Lloyd Shapley	Michael Jensen, William Meckling, Bengt Holmstrom
種類	algorithm	algorithm
原典	Gale, D., & Shapley, L. S. (1962). College admissions and the stability of marriage. The American Mathematical Monthly, 69(1), 9-15.	Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
別名	Stable Marriage Problem, Deferred Acceptance, Two-Sided Matching	Agency Theory, Hidden Action Problem, Moral Hazard
関連	4	4
概要	The Gale-Shapley algorithm solves the stable marriage problem: how to match two groups (e.g., medical residents to hospitals, students to schools) such that no pair prefers each other to their assigned partners. Introduced by David Gale and Lloyd Shapley in 1962, the algorithm guarantees a stable matching in polynomial time through a deferred acceptance process where one side proposes sequentially and the other side responds, revising choices as better options arrive.	The Principal-Agent Model analyzes how a principal (e.g., owner, employer, policymaker) can incentivize an agent (e.g., manager, employee, firm) to act in the principal's interest when the agent has private information or can take hidden actions. Formalized by Jensen and Meckling in 1976, the model identifies agency costs arising from moral hazard (the agent exerts less effort than desired) and adverse selection (the agent hides unfavorable information). Optimal contracts balance incentives with risk allocation.