手法を比較

	フォ一カル動物サンプリング	馬の歩様分析	Polysomnography	スキャンサンプリング
分野	獣医科学	獣医科学	獣医科学	獣医科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1974	1990	1953	1974
提唱者	Jeanne Altmann	Equine Veterinary Medicine Research Community	William Dement and Nathaniel Kleitman	Jeanne Altmann
種類	Behavioral Sampling Protocol	Observational and Instrumental Evaluation	Multi-channel Recording and Analysis	Group Behavioral Sampling
原典	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Keegan, K. G., Dent, E. V., Balev, S. F., Bunch, P., Ellington, J. K., French, H., & Bennett, D. K. (2011). Equine movement: from structure to function. Equine Veterinary Journal, 43(3), 285-291.	Rechtschaffen, A., & Kales, A. (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages in Human Subjects. National Institutes of Health Publication.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
別名	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording	lameness evaluation, motion analysis, stride assessment	PSG, sleep study, overnight monitoring	instantaneous sampling, scan observation, group sampling
関連	3	3	3	3
概要	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.	Equine Gait Analysis is a systematic evaluation of a horse's movement patterns at walk, trot, and canter to detect lameness, asymmetry, and biomechanical dysfunction. Combining visual observation with increasingly sophisticated instrumental techniques (force plate analysis, kinematics, accelerometry), gait analysis is essential for diagnosing the causes of lameness, monitoring recovery from injury, and evaluating the safety and suitability of sport horses.	Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive multi-channel physiological recording method that simultaneously records brain electrical activity, eye movements, muscle tone, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and limb movements during sleep. First systematized by Rechtschaffen and Kales in 1968, polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, characterizing sleep architecture, and assessing the quality and organization of sleep in humans and increasingly in veterinary species.	Scan Sampling (also called instantaneous sampling) is a behavioral observation method in which an observer records the state of all group members simultaneously at regular time intervals. Introduced alongside focal animal sampling by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, scan sampling is efficient for quantifying activity budgets and group-level behavioral patterns in multiple animals without the labor of focal observation.