手法を比較

	フォ一カル動物サンプリング	馬の歩様分析	スキャンサンプリング
分野	獣医科学	獣医科学	獣医科学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1974	1990	1974
提唱者	Jeanne Altmann	Equine Veterinary Medicine Research Community	Jeanne Altmann
種類	Behavioral Sampling Protocol	Observational and Instrumental Evaluation	Group Behavioral Sampling
原典	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Keegan, K. G., Dent, E. V., Balev, S. F., Bunch, P., Ellington, J. K., French, H., & Bennett, D. K. (2011). Equine movement: from structure to function. Equine Veterinary Journal, 43(3), 285-291.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
別名	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording	lameness evaluation, motion analysis, stride assessment	instantaneous sampling, scan observation, group sampling
関連	3	3	3
概要	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.	Equine Gait Analysis is a systematic evaluation of a horse's movement patterns at walk, trot, and canter to detect lameness, asymmetry, and biomechanical dysfunction. Combining visual observation with increasingly sophisticated instrumental techniques (force plate analysis, kinematics, accelerometry), gait analysis is essential for diagnosing the causes of lameness, monitoring recovery from injury, and evaluating the safety and suitability of sport horses.	Scan Sampling (also called instantaneous sampling) is a behavioral observation method in which an observer records the state of all group members simultaneously at regular time intervals. Introduced alongside focal animal sampling by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, scan sampling is efficient for quantifying activity budgets and group-level behavioral patterns in multiple animals without the labor of focal observation.