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	体液バランスモニタリング	早期警告スコア
分野	看護学	看護学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1950	2012
提唱者	Clinical nursing and medical practice standard	Royal College of Physicians and multiple researchers (Smith, Prytherch, et al.)
種類	Monitoring protocol	Scoring and warning system
原典	Scales, K., & Pilsworth, J. (2008). The importance of fluid balance in clinical practice. Nursing Standard, 22(47), 50-57.	Smith, G. B., Prytherch, D. R., Schmidt, P. E., & Featherstone, P. I. (2008). Should early warning systems be based on single data points or on trends? Resuscitation, 81(4), 424-426.
別名	I&O Monitoring, Fluid Assessment, Hydration Status Assessment	EWS, NEWS, National Early Warning Score, Rapid Response System
関連	4	4
概要	Fluid Balance Monitoring is a systematic nursing process for tracking and comparing fluid intake and output to maintain adequate hydration and detect abnormalities in fluid status. By measuring all sources of fluid intake (oral, intravenous, enteral feeding) and all routes of fluid loss (urine, feces, perspiration, drainage), clinicians can assess overall fluid balance and identify dehydration or fluid overload. This monitoring is essential for patients with conditions affecting fluid regulation or those requiring precise intake-output tracking.	The Early Warning Score (EWS), most commonly known as the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in the UK, is a standardized tool for identifying acutely unwell patients at risk of deterioration. Developed by the Royal College of Physicians and validated through research by Smith, Prytherch, and colleagues, NEWS combines vital sign measurements and supplemental oxygen use to generate a composite score. High NEWS scores trigger escalated care responses, enabling early intervention before critical illness develops.