手法を比較

	フィールドノート――質的研究における観察記録	構造化面接
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)	1940s–1950s
提唱者	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.	Survey research tradition; formalized by Campbell, Katona, and Kahn in mid-20th century
種類	Qualitative data collection and recording technique	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
原典	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Fontana, A., & Frey, J. H. (2000). The interview: From structured questions to negotiated text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 645–672). Sage.
別名	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings	standardized interview, formal interview, schedule-based interview, fixed-format interview
関連	6	4
概要	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.	A structured interview is a data collection technique in which every participant is asked exactly the same pre-specified questions in the same order, using standardized wording. Because the interview schedule is fixed, responses across participants are directly comparable, enabling quantitative aggregation and statistical analysis. It sits at the most standardized end of the interview continuum, between the self-administered questionnaire and the semi-structured interview.