手法を比較

	EXAFS	X線小角散乱法（SAXS）	XANES
分野	分光学	分光学	分光学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1971	1954	1975
提唱者	Edward Stern	Otto Kratky	Peter Lee
種類	Synchrotron technique	Synchrotron/X-ray technique	Synchrotron technique
原典	Sayers, D. E., Stern, E. A., & Lytle, F. W. (1971). New technique for investigating noncrystalline structures: Fourier analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure. Physical Review Letters, 27(18), 1204-1207.	Glatter, O., & Kratky, O. (1982). Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Academic Press.	Lee, P. A., & Pendry, J. B. (1975). Theory of extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Physical Review B, 11(8), 2795-2811.
別名	EXAFS spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy	SAXS, small-angle scattering	XANES spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption
関連	3	3	3
概要	Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy technique that measures the local geometric and electronic structure around a specific atom in any material, crystal or amorphous. Discovered by Sayers, Stern, and Lytle in 1971, EXAFS reveals interatomic distances, coordination numbers, and disorder in the atomic environment by analyzing oscillations in the X-ray absorption spectrum above an absorption edge.	Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a solution-phase X-ray scattering technique that measures the overall shape and size of macromolecules and nanoparticles by analyzing scattering intensity at low angles (0.1-10 degrees). Developed by Kratky and colleagues in the 1950s, SAXS provides information about molecular radius, aggregation state, and overall shape without requiring crystallization or fixing, making it ideal for studying native protein conformations and dynamics.	X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) is a synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy technique that measures the electronic and geometric structure around a specific atom by analyzing the X-ray absorption spectrum within about 50 eV of an absorption edge. Developed by Lee and Pendry in 1975, XANES is complementary to EXAFS and reveals valence state, local symmetry, and unoccupied orbital structure through near-threshold features and resonances.