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	進化ゲーム理論	シュタッケルベルク競争
分野	ゲーム理論	ゲーム理論
系統	Machine learning	Machine learning
提唱年	1973	1934
提唱者	John Maynard Smith, George Price	Heinrich von Stackelberg
種類	algorithm	algorithm
原典	Smith, J. M., & Price, G. R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature, 246(5427), 15-18.	von Stackelberg, H. (1934). Marktform und Gleichgewicht. Julius Springer.
別名	ESS, Evolutionarily Stable Strategy, Replicator Dynamics	Quantity Leadership, Sequential Oligopoly, Stackelberg Equilibrium
関連	4	4
概要	Evolutionary Game Theory applies game-theoretic reasoning to biological evolution and social dynamics, where populations of agents with different strategies interact repeatedly. Introduced by John Maynard Smith and George Price in 1973, the framework uses the concept of Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) to identify strategy distributions that cannot be invaded by mutant strategies. Replicator dynamics describe how strategy frequencies evolve over time when reproduction is proportional to payoff success.	Stackelberg Competition models sequential oligopolistic markets where one firm (the leader) commits to a quantity first, and other firms (followers) observe this choice and respond. Introduced by Heinrich von Stackelberg in 1934, the model captures first-mover advantage in quantity-setting competition. The resulting Stackelberg Equilibrium, found by backward induction, yields the leader higher profit than simultaneous (Cournot) competition.