手法を比較

	ダブルブラインド適応実験	適応的無作為化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Conceptual roots 1970s–1990s; regulatory codification 2004–2019	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)
提唱者	Formalized through FDA adaptive design guidance and work by Scott Berry, Donald Berry, and colleagues	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature
種類	Experimental design combining blinding and adaptive modification	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT
原典	U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials of Drugs and Biologics: Guidance for Industry. FDA.	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690
別名	double-blind adaptive design, blinded adaptive trial, double-blind adaptive RCT, adaptive double-blind study	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial
関連	4	6
概要	A double-blind adaptive experiment combines two powerful design features: double-blinding, which conceals treatment assignment from both participants and outcome assessors to prevent bias, and adaptive modification, which allows pre-specified changes to the trial's course — such as sample size re-estimation, allocation ratio shifts, or arm dropping — based on accumulating interim data. The result is a rigorous, bias-protected design that can respond to emerging evidence without compromising inferential validity.	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.