手法を比較

	文書収集	コンテンツ分析	談話分析
分野	調査方法論	質的手法	質的研究
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	19th–20th century historical methods; contemporary social-science codification c. 2000s	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
提唱者	Rooted in historical and social science traditions; systematized by Lindsay Prior and Glenn Bowen	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
種類	Qualitative / mixed data-collection technique	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Method
原典	Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
別名	document analysis, documentary method, document review, secondary document analysis	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
関連	3	5	2
概要	Document collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting minutes, policies, letters, photographs, or institutional records — as primary or supplementary evidence. It is widely used in qualitative, historical, and mixed-methods research and can stand alone or complement interviews and observation.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.