手法を比較

	不均衡層化抽出	多段抽出
分野	調査方法論	調査方法論
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1934	1950s–1960s (formalized in Kish 1965 and Cochran 1977)
提唱者	Jerzy Neyman	Leslie Kish; William G. Cochran
種類	Probability sampling design	Probability sampling design
原典	Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471162407	Kish, L. (1965). Survey Sampling. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471109495
別名	disproportionate stratified sampling, unequal-probability stratified sampling, oversampling stratified design, non-proportional stratified sampling	multistage cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling, nested sampling, hierarchical sampling
関連	6	5
概要	Disproportional stratified sampling divides the population into mutually exclusive strata and deliberately draws different proportions from each stratum — oversampling small or analytically important subgroups and undersampling large ones. Post-hoc weighting restores population-level representativeness when overall estimates are needed. First formalised by Jerzy Neyman in 1934, it is the standard approach when subgroup-level precision matters as much as total-population estimates.	Multistage sampling is a probability-based design that selects a sample by working through two or more successive levels of a population hierarchy — for example, first selecting regions, then districts within those regions, then households within those districts. It makes large-scale surveys practical when a complete population list is unavailable or when the population is geographically dispersed, by concentrating fieldwork within a manageable number of sampled units at each stage.