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| 横断疫学研究× | 診断精度の研究デザイン× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野≠ | 疫学 | 臨床研究 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | 1960s (formal codification); widely practiced since mid-20th century | 2003-2015 |
| 提唱者≠ | Classical epidemiology tradition; systematized by Brian MacMahon and Thomas Pugh (1960s) | Bossuyt, Reitsma, and STARD group (2003); clinical epidemiology pioneers |
| 種類≠ | Observational, descriptive/analytic epidemiological design | Research Design |
| 原典≠ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195080407 | Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., ... & de Vet, H. C. (2003). Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative. Annals of Internal Medicine, 138(1), 40–44. DOI ↗ |
| 別名 | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, transversal study, cross-sectional design | diagnostic accuracy study, test accuracy, STARD, diagnostic evaluation |
| 関連≠ | 6 | 2 |
| 概要≠ | A cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the exposure(s) and outcome(s) of interest simultaneously in a defined population at a single point in time (or over a short period). Because there is no follow-up, it is the most efficient observational design for estimating disease prevalence and for generating hypotheses about associations between risk factors and health outcomes. | A diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well a new diagnostic test (or biomarker, imaging modality, clinical assessment) detects the presence or absence of disease compared to a reference standard (gold standard). Standardized since 2003 by the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) initiative, diagnostic accuracy studies are fundamental to clinical medicine, determining whether and how new tests can improve patient diagnosis and treatment. |
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