手法を比較

	Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Policy	費用対効果分析 (CEA)
分野	Public Policy	医療経済学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2015	1984
提唱者	Health-economics and program-evaluation tradition (Drummond et al.; Gold et al.)	Drummond & Stoddart (Health Economics Research Group, McMaster University)
種類	Economic evaluation comparing cost per unit of effect	Method
原典	Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., & Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199665877	Gold, M. R., Siegel, J. E., Russell, L. B., & Weinstein, M. C. (Eds.). (1996). Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press.
別名	Policy Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, CEA for Policy, Cost-Utility Analysis in Policy	CEA, ICER, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio
関連	4	5
概要	Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is an economic evaluation that compares competing policies or programs by their cost relative to a single, common measure of effect — lives saved, cases averted, years of education gained, or quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Rather than valuing outcomes in money, CEA expresses results as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER): the extra cost of one option per extra unit of outcome it delivers compared with the next-best alternative. Codified in standard references such as Drummond and colleagues' Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes and the US Panel's Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, CEA is the dominant appraisal tool for health and increasingly for other public programs with a shared outcome metric.	Cost-effectiveness analysis compares the incremental cost per unit of health benefit gained by one intervention relative to a comparator (standard care or best alternative). Developed rigorously in the 1980s by Drummond, Stoddart, and colleagues, CEA is now the standard framework for technology appraisal globally. NICE, HAS, CADTH, and other health technology assessment bodies use CEA to decide which treatments warrant public funding and at what price.