手法を比較

	研究における利益相反	研究誠実性の原則	研究不正行為
分野	研究倫理	研究倫理	研究倫理
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2013	2007	2005
提唱者	Multiple (NIH, ICMJE, institutional COI policies)	Multiple (National Academies, NIH/ORI, ESOMAR, individual discipline standards)	U.S. Office of Research Integrity (ORI) / National Science Foundation; International standards via COPE
種類	Guideline	Framework	Standard
原典	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. (2023). Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors. ICMJE Recommendations for Manuscript Authorship.	National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Fostering Integrity in Research. The National Academies Press.	U.S. Office of Research Integrity. (2005). Public Health Service Policy on Research Misconduct. 42 CFR Part 93. Federal Register.
別名	COI, Conflicts of Interest	Responsible Conduct of Research, RCR, Research Ethics Standards	FFP, Research Fraud, Scientific Misconduct
関連	3	4	3
概要	A conflict of interest (COI) in research exists when a researcher has financial, professional, or personal interests that might bias their research judgment or outcomes. Conflicts are inherent in research communities—researchers often have legitimate stakes in their research's success—but unmanaged conflicts compromise research integrity and public trust. Managing COI requires transparent disclosure, institutional oversight, and proactive mitigation strategies to minimize bias risk while allowing legitimate research to proceed.	Research integrity encompasses the ethical and professional standards that guide responsible conduct in all aspects of research—from study design and data collection through analysis, reporting, and publication. The core principles—honesty, transparency, accountability, respect, and stewardship—ensure that research is trustworthy, reproducible, and contributes legitimate knowledge. These principles are universal across disciplines and are enforced through institutional policies, professional standards, and regulatory oversight. Violations of research integrity undermine scientific credibility and can harm subjects, institutions, and public trust.	Research misconduct comprises intentional or reckless fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, conducting, or reporting research. Formally defined by U.S. federal policy (42 CFR Part 93, Office of Research Integrity), misconduct is distinguished from honest error, negligence, and good-faith disagreements about research methods or interpretation. Misconduct undermines scientific integrity, harms subjects and institutions, wastes research resources, and erodes public trust in science. Allegations are investigated formally with due process; proven misconduct results in sanctions ranging from publication correction to career-ending bans.