手法を比較

	コンピュータ適応型テスト（CAT）尺度開発	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1970s–1980s	1952–1968
提唱者	Frederic Lord (IRT foundations); CAT systems developed at ETS and ACT in the 1970s–1980s	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Measurement design and test construction	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	Wainer, H., Dorans, N. J., Flaugher, R., Green, B. F., Mislevy, R. J., Steinberg, L., & Thissen, D. (2000). Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Primer (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805835113	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	CAT scale construction, adaptive test development, computerized adaptive testing scale design, CAT item bank development	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	5	5
概要	Computerized adaptive test (CAT) scale development is the process of constructing, calibrating, and validating a large item bank such that the assessment algorithm can select items tailored to each examinee's estimated ability or trait level in real time. The result is a measurement instrument that achieves high precision with fewer items than a conventional fixed-form test.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.