手法を比較

	コンピュータ適応型テスト項目分析	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1970s–1990s	1952–1968
提唱者	Lord, Weiss, and colleagues in psychometric research on adaptive testing	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Item calibration and evaluation	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	van der Linden, W. J. & Glas, C. A. W. (Eds.) (2000). Computerized Adaptive Testing: Theory and Practice. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-0792365556	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	CAT item analysis, adaptive item calibration, IRT-based CAT item evaluation, adaptive item parameter estimation	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	6	5
概要	Computerized adaptive test item analysis evaluates and calibrates items intended for use in adaptive testing environments. Unlike fixed-form analysis, it accounts for the non-random item exposure inherent in adaptive administration, using item response theory to estimate item parameters, information functions, and exposure rates across the ability continuum.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.