手法を比較

	コンピュータ適応型テスト項目機能差 (CAT-DIF)	項目応答理論 (IRT)
分野	心理測定学	心理測定学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1990s–2000s	1952–1968
提唱者	Wainer, Zwick, and colleagues in the CAT and DIF literatures	Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models)
種類	Item bias detection in adaptive testing	Probabilistic measurement model
原典	Zwick, R., Thayer, D. T., & Mazzeo, J. (1997). Describing and categorizing DIF in polytomous items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 34(4), 261–285.	Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley.
別名	CAT DIF analysis, adaptive test DIF, DIF in computerized adaptive testing, CAT item bias detection	IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory
関連	6	5
概要	CAT-DIF identifies items in a computerized adaptive test that behave differently across demographic or group subpopulations after controlling for overall ability. Because adaptive algorithms select items non-randomly based on each examinee's estimated proficiency, standard DIF detection methods require adjustment before they can be validly applied in this context.	Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons.