手法を比較

	粗化完全マッチング（CEM）	傾向スコアマッチング
分野	因果推論	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2011-2012	1983
提唱者	Iacus, King, & Porro	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
種類	Matching / causal inference	Method
原典	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
別名	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
関連	6	3
概要	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.