手法を比較

	クラスターランダム化実験室実験	クラスターランダム化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s (formalized; cluster randomization principles developed in 1970s-1980s)	1978–1980s
提唱者	David M. Murray (group-randomized trial methodology); built on classical cluster sampling in experimental design	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
種類	Controlled laboratory experiment with cluster-level randomization	Experimental design
原典	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120363	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
別名	cluster-randomized lab experiment, group-randomized laboratory study, cluster RCT laboratory variant, clustered lab trial	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
関連	6	4
概要	A cluster randomized laboratory experiment assigns intact groups — such as lab sections, cohorts, or naturally formed teams — rather than individual participants, to experimental conditions. All participants within a cluster receive the same treatment. The design is used when individual randomization would cause contamination between conditions, while retaining the controlled environment of a laboratory setting.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.