手法を比較

	クラスター無作為化完全実施要因計画	クラスターランダム化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 20th–early 21st century (formalized ~1998–2014)	1978–1980s
提唱者	Synthesis of cluster randomization (Murray, 1998) and factorial design traditions (Fisher, 1935; Collins et al., 2014)	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental design
原典	Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120264	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
別名	cluster RCT full factorial, group-randomized full factorial design, CRT full factorial, cluster full factorial trial	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
関連	6	4
概要	A cluster-randomized full factorial experiment assigns intact groups (clusters) rather than individuals to every possible combination of two or more experimental factors. All factor-level combinations are tested simultaneously, enabling estimation of both main effects and all interaction effects, while preserving the integrity of naturally occurring social or organizational units such as schools, clinics, or communities.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.