手法を比較

	クラスター無作為化比較対照群実験計画	クラスターランダム化比較試験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1990s (formal methodology development)	1978–1980s
提唱者	Murray, D. M.; Donner, A. and Klar, N. (systematic formalization)	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)
種類	Experimental design	Experimental design
原典	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978
別名	CRCT with control group, group-randomized trial, cluster RCT control group design, community randomized controlled trial	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment
関連	6	4
概要	A cluster randomized control group experimental design randomly assigns intact groups (clusters) — such as schools, clinics, or communities — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions. At least one cluster group receives no active intervention, serving as the control. This design is essential when individual randomization is impractical or contamination between participants in close proximity is likely.	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.