手法を比較

	クラスター分析	多次元尺度構成法 (MDS)
分野	統計学	統計学
系統	Latent structure	Latent structure
提唱年	1939–1967	1952–1964
提唱者	Robert C. Tryon (early development); Ward (1963) for hierarchical; MacQueen (1967) for k-means	Warren S. Torgerson (metric MDS, 1952); Joseph B. Kruskal (non-metric MDS, 1964)
種類	Unsupervised classification / grouping	Dimensionality reduction / visualization
原典	Everitt, B. S., Landau, S., Leese, M. & Stahl, D. (2011). Cluster Analysis (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470749913	Kruskal, J. B. (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika, 29(1), 1–27.
別名	clustering, unsupervised classification, data clustering, numerical taxonomy	MDS, metric MDS, non-metric MDS, proximity scaling
関連	5	5
概要	Cluster analysis is a family of unsupervised multivariate techniques that partition a set of objects or observations into internally homogeneous, mutually distinct groups — clusters — based on measured characteristics, without any prior knowledge of group membership. It is widely used in market segmentation, bioinformatics, psychology, and social science to reveal natural groupings in data.	Multidimensional scaling maps objects described only by pairwise similarities or dissimilarities into a low-dimensional geometric space so that distances in that space reflect the original proximity structure as faithfully as possible. It is widely used to visualize the hidden structure of psychological, social, and behavioral data.