手法を比較

	引用分析	オルタナティブ・メトリクス（Altmetrics）と論文レベル・メトリクス
分野	研究スキル	研究スキル
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1955 (citation indexes); 1975 (Impact Factor); 2005 (H-index)	2010 (concept manifesto); 2011 (Altmetric.com platform launch)
提唱者	Eugene Garfield (Citation Indexes, 1955); Jorge Hirsch (H-index, 2005)	Jason Priem and the altmetrics community (2010)
種類	Tool	Tool
原典	Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), 16569–16572.	Priem, J., Taraborelli, D., Groth, P., & Neylon, C. (2010). Altmetrics: A manifesto. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/
別名	citation metrics, bibliometric analysis, citation tracking	altmetrics, article-level metrics, alternative impact metrics
関連	4	4
概要	Citation analysis is the systematic study of how scholarly works are cited by subsequent research, used as a proxy for research impact and influence. Founded formally by Eugene Garfield in 1955 (introducing citation indexes), the field encompasses metrics ranging from simple citation counts to sophisticated indices like the H-index (Hirsch, 2005) and field-normalized indicators. Citation analysis is used to evaluate researcher productivity, track influence of ideas, assess journal quality, and detect research trends. While citation counts are not perfect measures of quality (high citation does not equal high quality; time lag in citation accumulation), they provide valuable quantitative data for research evaluation alongside peer review and expert assessment.	Altmetrics (alternative metrics) measure the online attention and societal impact of research by tracking mentions in social media (Twitter), news outlets, policy documents, blogs, videos, and other online sources. Introduced formally in 2010 by Jason Priem and colleagues, altmetrics address limitations of citation-based assessment: citation counts accumulate slowly (taking years for impact to register), do not capture policy influence, and are biased toward certain fields (biomedicine receives more citations than social sciences). Altmetric.com, PlumX, and other platforms now provide real-time data on research reach, complementing traditional journal impact factors and H-indices. While altmetrics should not replace peer-reviewed citations for tenure and promotion, they offer valuable insight into public engagement with research.