手法を比較

	因果媒介分析（自然直接効果および自然間接効果）	媒介分析
分野	因果推論	統計学
系統	Regression model	Hypothesis test
提唱年	2010	1986
提唱者	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)	Baron & Kenny
種類	Counterfactual causal decomposition	Indirect effects / path test
原典	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.	Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
別名	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation	indirect effects analysis, path-based mediation, PROCESS macro mediation, Aracılık Analizi (Mediation / PROCESS)
関連	5	5
概要	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.	Mediation analysis is a statistical procedure that tests whether the effect of an independent variable X on an outcome Y operates wholly or partly through a third variable M, called the mediator. Formalised by Baron and Kenny in 1986, it decomposes the total effect of X on Y into a direct path (c′) and an indirect path (a × b), quantifying how much of the relationship is carried by the mediating mechanism.