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| ブロック化自然実験× | Blocked Randomized Controlled Trial× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野 | 実験計画法 | 実験計画法 |
| 系統 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 提唱年≠ | Blocking: 1935; natural experiments as formal causal framework: 1990s–2000s | 1920s (Fisher's blocking principle); applied to RCTs from the 1940s onward |
| 提唱者≠ | Combines Fisher's blocking principle (1935) with natural experiment methodology formalized by Angrist and Pischke (2009) | R. A. Fisher (blocking principle); systematic RCT application by Bradford Hill and later Pocock, Friedman et al. |
| 種類≠ | Quasi-experimental causal design | Experimental design |
| 原典≠ | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (4th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1441915856 |
| 別名≠ | stratified natural experiment, block-stratified quasi-experiment, natural experiment with blocking | blocked RCT, block-randomized trial, stratified block randomization trial, permuted block randomization |
| 関連≠ | 3 | 5 |
| 概要≠ | A blocked natural experiment is a quasi-experimental design that exploits naturally occurring, researcher-uncontrolled variation in treatment assignment while pre-stratifying (blocking) units on key observed covariates. Blocking absorbs between-stratum variance, improves statistical precision, and strengthens the plausibility of the as-if-random assumption within each block. The design draws on Fisher's blocking principle and the natural experiment tradition in economics and epidemiology. | A blocked randomized controlled trial (blocked RCT) uses permuted-block randomization to ensure that treatment groups remain balanced in size — and optionally in key characteristics — throughout recruitment. Within each block of fixed or randomly varied size, all treatment allocations are present in equal numbers, so imbalance cannot accumulate even if the trial is stopped early. This makes blocked RCTs the standard randomization approach in clinical and behavioral intervention research. |
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