手法を比較

	ベイズ階層線形モデル	多層レベルモデリング
分野	統計学	研究統計
系統	Regression model	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2006	1992
提唱者	Gelman & Hill (2006); Raudenbush & Bryk (2002) for frequentist HLM; Bayesian treatment consolidated by Gelman et al.	Anthony Bryk and Stephen Raudenbush
種類	Bayesian multilevel linear model	Method
原典	Gelman, A., & Hill, J. (2006). Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521686891	Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. SAGE Publications.
別名	Bayesian HLM, Bayesian multilevel linear model, Bayesian random-effects linear model, Bayes hierarchical regression	HLM, mixed-effects models, random effects models, MLM
関連	5	3
概要	The Bayesian Hierarchical Linear Model (Bayesian HLM) estimates linear relationships in nested or clustered data by placing prior distributions on all model parameters and updating them with observed data. It simultaneously models variation within groups and between groups, propagating uncertainty fully through posterior distributions rather than relying on asymptotic approximations.	Multilevel modeling (also called hierarchical linear modeling, mixed-effects modeling) is a statistical framework for analyzing data organized in nested or clustered structures—students within schools, patients within hospitals, repeated measures within individuals. Developed by Bryk and Raudenbush (1992), it accounts for dependency among observations and partitions variance into levels (within-cluster and between-cluster), enabling valid inference and revealing context effects. Essential in education, medicine, organizational research, and any field where data have natural hierarchies.