手法を比較

	ベイズ管理図	故障モード影響解析 (FMEA)
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Formally developed in the 1990s–2000s; roots in Shewhart (1924)	1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s
提唱者	Ulrich Menzefricke and others building on Shewhart (1924) and Bayesian inference (Bayes, 1763)	U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949)
種類	Statistical process monitoring / quality control	Proactive risk analysis technique
原典	Menzefricke, U. (2002). On the evaluation of control chart limits based on predictive distributions. Communications in Statistics — Theory and Methods, 31(8), 1423–1440.	Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989
別名	Bayesian SPC chart, Bayesian monitoring chart, posterior control chart, Bayesian Shewhart chart	FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis
関連	6	6
概要	A Bayesian control chart integrates prior knowledge about a process — such as historical mean and variance — with incoming measurement data to produce dynamically updated control limits. Unlike classical Shewhart charts that fix limits from a Phase-I baseline, Bayesian charts update the posterior distribution of process parameters after each sample, yielding limits that adapt to accumulated evidence and are better calibrated under small sample sizes or non-stationary processes.	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes.