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| 分散分析（ANOVA）× | ランダム化比較試験 (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 分野≠ | 研究統計 | 実験計画法 |
| 系統≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| 提唱年≠ | 1925 | 1948 |
| 提唱者≠ | Ronald A. Fisher | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| 種類≠ | Method | Interventional comparative study |
| 原典≠ | Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| 別名≠ | ANOVA, F-test | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| 関連≠ | 4 | 7 |
| 概要≠ | ANOVA is a parametric statistical method developed by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925 that tests whether means differ significantly across three or more independent groups. By partitioning total variance into between-group and within-group components, ANOVA determines whether observed differences are likely due to treatment effects or random variation, making it fundamental to comparative research across medicine, psychology, agriculture, and engineering. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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