手法を比較

	適応型ソロモン4群デザイン	適応的臨床試験デザイン
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
提唱年	1949 (base design); adaptive adaptation developed through later adaptive trial methodology	1994
提唱者	Richard L. Solomon (base design); adaptive extension via response-adaptive randomization methodology	Bauer & Köhne
種類	Experimental design (pretest-sensitization control + adaptive randomization)	Adaptive hypothesis test with interim analyses
原典	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Bauer, P. & Köhne, K. (1994). Evaluation of Experiments with Adaptive Interim Analyses. Biometrics, 50(4), 1029–1041.
別名	adaptive S4G design, response-adaptive Solomon design, sequential Solomon four-group design, adaptive pretest-sensitization design	adaptive design, group sequential design, sample size re-estimation, platform trial
関連	6	3
概要	The Adaptive Solomon Four-Group Design combines the pretest-sensitization control of Solomon's classic four-group structure with response-adaptive randomization, allowing interim outcome data to update the allocation probabilities across the four groups as the study progresses. This hybrid preserves the design's ability to isolate the testing effect while improving ethical efficiency by steering more participants toward conditions performing better at interim checkpoints.	Adaptive clinical trial design is a flexible experimental framework, formalised by Bauer and Köhne in 1994, in which pre-specified rules allow the trial to be modified mid-course — adjusting sample size, treatment arms, or randomisation ratios — based on accumulating interim data while rigorously controlling the Type I error rate.