手法を比較

	適応的無作為化比較試験	適応実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1980s–2000s (formalized; earlier sequential testing roots from Wald, 1947)	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
提唱者	Donald Berry and others; foundational adaptive trial methods developed through 1980s–2000s biostatistics literature	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
種類	Experimental design — adaptive variant of RCT	Experimental research design
原典	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887690	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
別名	Adaptive RCT, Response-adaptive RCT, Adaptive clinical trial, Platform trial	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
関連	6	5
概要	An adaptive randomized controlled trial (adaptive RCT) is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow modifications to the trial while it is ongoing — such as changing allocation ratios, dropping underperforming arms, or stopping early for efficacy or futility — based on accumulating interim data. These adaptations are planned before the trial starts and governed by statistical rules to preserve Type I error control and validity.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.