手法を比較

	適応型第III相臨床試験	適応的無作為化比較試験
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1969–2019 (sequential testing roots ~1969; formal adaptive design guidance 2010–2019)	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)
提唱者	Methodological foundations by Armitage et al. (1969); modern adaptive framework codified by FDA and ICH guidance (2010s)	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019
種類	Interventional confirmatory clinical trial with pre-specified interim adaptations	Experimental clinical trial design
原典	International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). (2019). ICH E9(R1) Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials to the Guideline on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials. ICH Harmonised Guideline.	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.
別名	adaptive confirmatory trial, seamless Phase II/III adaptive trial, adaptive pivotal trial, adaptive design Phase III	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial
関連	6	6
概要	An adaptive Phase III clinical trial is a confirmatory randomized controlled trial that incorporates pre-specified rules allowing modifications to the trial design — such as sample size re-estimation, dose selection, or population enrichment — based on accumulating interim data, while preserving the Type I error rate. It sits at the top of the evidence hierarchy and is used to obtain regulatory approval of new interventions.	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.