手法を比較

	適応実験	要因実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s	1926–1935
提唱者	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others	Ronald A. Fisher
種類	Experimental research design	Quantitative experimental design
原典	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761	Fisher, R. A. (1935). The Design of Experiments. Oliver and Boyd.
別名	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization	factorial design, factorial ANOVA design, multi-factor experiment, crossed-factor design
関連	5	6
概要	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.	A factorial experiment is an experimental design in which two or more independent variables (factors) are manipulated simultaneously, and every combination of their levels is tested. Introduced by Ronald Fisher in the 1920s–1930s, it is the standard approach whenever a researcher needs to detect not only the main effect of each factor but also whether the effect of one factor depends on the level of another — the interaction effect.