手法を比較

	適応型診断精度研究	スクリーニング検査評価
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000s–2010s (adaptive designs codified for diagnostics ~2010s)	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
提唱者	Adaptation of STARD framework (Bossuyt et al.) combined with adaptive design principles (Jennison & Turnbull; FDA guidance)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
種類	Adaptive observational/experimental study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
原典	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
別名	adaptive DTA study, adaptive diagnostic test evaluation, adaptive test accuracy trial, adaptive STARD study	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
関連	6	6
概要	An adaptive diagnostic accuracy study evaluates how well an index test distinguishes between patients with and without a target condition, while incorporating pre-specified interim analyses that allow modifications — such as sample size re-estimation, threshold adjustment, or subgroup enrichment — based on accumulating data. This design improves efficiency and ethical conduct compared to fixed-sample diagnostic studies, particularly when prior prevalence or test performance data are uncertain.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.