手法を比較

	適応的統制群実験デザイン	適応実験
分野	実験計画法	実験計画法
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	1994 (formal adaptive framework); wider adoption 2000s–2010s	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
提唱者	Peter Bauer and Klaus Kohne (adaptive interim analysis framework, 1994); broader adaptive design methodology developed by Scott Chow and Mark Chang	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
種類	Adaptive experimental design	Experimental research design
原典	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886760	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
別名	adaptive controlled experiment, adaptive two-arm controlled design, adaptive parallel-group design, flexible controlled trial design	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
関連	4	5
概要	An adaptive control group experimental design is an experiment that assigns participants to at least one treatment arm and one concurrent control group, while allowing pre-specified modifications to the trial — such as sample size re-estimation, early stopping, or allocation ratio changes — based on accumulating data. Adaptations are governed by decision rules established before the study begins, preserving Type I error control while improving efficiency.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.