手法を比較

	適応型コホート研究	コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	2000s–2010s (systematic formalisation)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
提唱者	Extension of classic cohort methods; adaptive design principles formalised by regulatory and epidemiology communities in the 2000s–2010s	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
種類	Observational / adaptive epidemiological design	Observational longitudinal study design
原典	VanderWeele, T. J., & Hernan, M. A. (2012). Results on differential and dependent measurement error of the exposure and the outcome using signed directed acyclic graphs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1303–1310.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
別名	adaptive longitudinal study, flexible cohort design, adaptive prospective cohort, ACS	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
関連	4	6
概要	An adaptive cohort study is a longitudinal observational design that follows a defined group of individuals over time to assess exposure-outcome relationships, while incorporating pre-specified adaptation rules that allow protocol modifications — such as sample-size re-estimation, subgroup enrichment, or measurement schedule adjustments — based on accumulating interim data. Adaptations are made without compromising validity, guided by a statistical analysis plan agreed upon before data collection begins.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.