手法を比較

	適応型症例シリーズ	適応型コホート研究
分野	疫学	疫学
系統	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
提唱年	Late 20th–early 21st century	2000s–2010s (systematic formalisation)
提唱者	Evolved from classical case series methodology combined with adaptive design principles (Chow & Chang, 2008; FDA adaptive design guidance)	Extension of classic cohort methods; adaptive design principles formalised by regulatory and epidemiology communities in the 2000s–2010s
種類	Observational study with adaptive monitoring	Observational / adaptive epidemiological design
原典	Chow, S.-C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584887775	VanderWeele, T. J., & Hernan, M. A. (2012). Results on differential and dependent measurement error of the exposure and the outcome using signed directed acyclic graphs. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1303–1310.
別名	adaptive case-series design, sequential adaptive case series, adaptive observational case series	adaptive longitudinal study, flexible cohort design, adaptive prospective cohort, ACS
関連	5	4
概要	An adaptive case series is an observational study design that documents a consecutive group of patients with a shared condition or exposure while incorporating pre-specified rules for modifying data collection, monitoring, or stopping criteria as accumulating evidence warrants. It combines the descriptive richness of traditional case series with the prospective flexibility of adaptive design principles, enabling structured mid-course adjustments without compromising the integrity of the recorded clinical observations.	An adaptive cohort study is a longitudinal observational design that follows a defined group of individuals over time to assess exposure-outcome relationships, while incorporating pre-specified adaptation rules that allow protocol modifications — such as sample-size re-estimation, subgroup enrichment, or measurement schedule adjustments — based on accumulating interim data. Adaptations are made without compromising validity, guided by a statistical analysis plan agreed upon before data collection begins.