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	Metodo del Controllo Sintetico nella Ricerca sull'Educazione	Abbinamento del punteggio di propensione
Campo	Inferenza causale	Statistica per la ricerca
Famiglia	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	2003-2010	1983
Ideatore	Alberto Abadie, Alexis Diamond, and Jens Hainmueller	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Tipo	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
Fonte seminale	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alias	SCM in education, synthetic control, synthetic comparator, SCM	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Correlati	5	3
Sintesi	The Synthetic Control Method (SCM) estimates the causal effect of an education policy or intervention by constructing a weighted combination of untreated comparison units — the synthetic control — that closely mimics the treated unit's pre-intervention trajectory. Developed by Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, it is especially valuable when only one or a small number of schools, districts, or countries receive a policy change and no natural comparison exists.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.