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	Modello del Nucleo Rimpicciolito	Diagramma di Ellingham	Basicità della Scoria
Campo	Ingegneria mineraria	Ingegneria mineraria	Ingegneria mineraria
Famiglia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1976	1944	1950
Ideatore	Szekely, Evans, and Sohn	Harold Jeffrey Torreyson Ellingham	Pyrometallurgical Practice
Tipo	Reaction kinetics model for solid-fluid reactions	Gibbs free energy diagram for high-temperature reactions	Slag composition parameter for controlling roast/smelt conditions
Fonte seminale	Szekely, J., Evans, J. W., & Sohn, H. Y. (1976). Gas-solid reactions. Academic Press, New York.	Ellingham, H. J. T. (1944). Reducibility of oxides and sulfides. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 63(5), 125-160.	Barnes, J. F., Edwards, C. C., & Sims, R. L. (2010). Copper smelting and refining: pyrometallurgical fundamentals. JOM, 52(12), 38-43.
Alias	Shrinking Unreacted Core Model, SCM, Leaching Kinetics Model	Gibbs Free Energy Diagram, High-Temperature Reduction Diagram	Basicity Index, Slag Chemistry Parameter
Correlati	3	3	3
Sintesi	The Shrinking Core Model, formalized by Szekely, Evans, and Sohn in 1976, describes the kinetics of chemical reactions between solid ore particles and surrounding fluids (leaching solutions, roasting gases). As the reaction proceeds from the particle surface inward, an unreacted core shrinks while products accumulate in a product layer. The model enables prediction of leaching times and optimization of hydrometallurgical processes.	The Ellingham Diagram, introduced by Harold Ellingham in 1944, is a graphical representation of the Gibbs free energy change for oxide formation and reduction as a function of temperature. It is an essential tool for predicting the thermodynamic feasibility of ore reduction and selecting appropriate reducing agents and temperatures for smelting and roasting operations.	Slag basicity is a measure of the composition of slag formed during smelting and roasting operations. It is typically expressed as the ratio of basic oxides (CaO, MgO) to acidic oxides (SiO2). Basicity controls slag fluidity, viscosity, and reactivity, directly affecting metal recovery, processing temperature, and product quality. It is a critical parameter in copper, nickel, and lead smelting.