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	Analisi di sensibilità per bias nascosto (Limiti di Rosenbaum / E-value)	Test di Placebo per l'Inferenza Causale
Campo	Inferenza causale	Inferenza causale
Famiglia	Regression model	Regression model
Anno di origine	2002	2010
Ideatore	Paul R. Rosenbaum (bounds); Tyler J. VanderWeele & Peng Ding (E-value)	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (synthetic control placebos); Imbens & Lemieux (RDD validity)
Tipo	Sensitivity analysis for causal inference	Falsification / robustness test family for causal inference
Fonte seminale	Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387989679	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
Alias	Rosenbaum bounds, E-value, hidden bias sensitivity analysis, unmeasured confounding sensitivity	falsification tests, placebo checks, refutation tests, Plasebo Testleri — Nedensel Çıkarım Doğrulama
Correlati	5	5
Sintesi	Sensitivity analysis for hidden bias is a family of methods that quantify how strongly an unmeasured confounder would have to operate before it could overturn a causal conclusion drawn from observational data. It was crystallised by Paul Rosenbaum's sensitivity bounds (2002) and extended by VanderWeele and Ding's E-value (2017).	Placebo tests are a family of falsification checks that probe the credibility of a causal claim by re-running the analysis on a fake treatment, a false intervention date, or an outcome that should not have been affected. The approach was popularised through the synthetic control work of Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010) and the regression-discontinuity validity checks of Imbens and Lemieux (2008).