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| Modello a Effetti Fissi Robusti× | OLS su Panel (Ordinary Least Squares Raggruppato)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Campo | Econometria | Econometria |
| Famiglia | Regression model | Regression model |
| Anno di origine≠ | 1987 | 1986-2003 |
| Ideatore≠ | Manuel Arellano | Classical least squares applied to pooled panels; foundational treatment in Hsiao (2003) and Wooldridge (2010) |
| Tipo≠ | Panel regression with robust inference | Linear panel regression |
| Fonte seminale≠ | Arellano, M. (1987). Computing robust standard errors for within-groups estimators. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 49(4), 431–434. link ↗ | Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262232586 |
| Alias | FE with robust standard errors, cluster-robust fixed effects, fixed effects with heteroscedasticity-robust SE, within estimator with robust inference | pooled OLS, pooled ordinary least squares, panel least squares, POLS |
| Correlati≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Sintesi≠ | The robust fixed effects model combines the within-group estimator for panel data with variance-covariance matrices that remain valid under heteroscedasticity and within-unit error correlation. Introduced by Arellano (1987), cluster-robust standard errors paired with the fixed effects estimator are now the default approach for credible panel data inference in economics and social science. | Panel OLS — also called Pooled OLS — applies the classical ordinary least squares estimator to panel data by stacking all cross-sectional units and time periods into a single sample. It estimates one common set of slope coefficients under the assumption that the intercept and slopes are homogeneous across units and time. |
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