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	Ponderazione basata sul punteggio di propensione nella ricerca educativa	Abbinamento del punteggio di propensione
Campo	Inferenza causale	Statistica per la ricerca
Famiglia	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Anno di origine	1983 (theory); widely adopted in education research from 2000s	1983
Ideatore	Rosenbaum & Rubin (foundational theory, 1983); Thoemmes & Kim (education-focused review, 2011)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Tipo	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
Fonte seminale	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alias	PSW in education, inverse probability weighting in education, IPW education, propensity weighting education	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Correlati	5	3
Sintesi	Propensity score weighting (PSW) is a quasi-experimental technique that reweights observational samples so that treated and comparison students look similar on measured background characteristics, allowing credible causal estimates of educational interventions — such as program participation, instructional method, or school type — without random assignment.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.