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	Test di Placebo per l'Inferenza Causale	Identificazione Causale con Grafi Aciclici Diretti (do-calculus)
Campo	Inferenza causale	Inferenza causale
Famiglia	Regression model	Regression model
Anno di origine	2010	2009
Ideatore	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (synthetic control placebos); Imbens & Lemieux (RDD validity)	Judea Pearl
Tipo	Falsification / robustness test family for causal inference	Causal identification framework
Fonte seminale	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606
Alias	falsification tests, placebo checks, refutation tests, Plasebo Testleri — Nedensel Çıkarım Doğrulama	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)
Correlati	5	5
Sintesi	Placebo tests are a family of falsification checks that probe the credibility of a causal claim by re-running the analysis on a fake treatment, a false intervention date, or an outcome that should not have been affected. The approach was popularised through the synthetic control work of Abadie, Diamond and Hainmueller (2010) and the regression-discontinuity validity checks of Imbens and Lemieux (2008).	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.