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	Analisi Fattoriale Esplorativa per lo Sviluppo di Scale (EFA)	Alpha di Cronbach (Analisi di Affidabilità)
Campo	Psicometria	Statistica
Famiglia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Anno di origine	1904 (foundational); contemporary scale-development practice from 1990s onward	1951
Ideatore	Primarily Spearman (1904); psychometric scale application formalised by Thurstone (1930s)	Lee J. Cronbach
Tipo	Latent variable / dimension reduction	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient
Fonte seminale	Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
Alias	Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi — Ölçek Geliştirme (EFA), psychometric EFA, scale construction factor analysis	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)
Correlati	5	4
Sintesi	Exploratory Factor Analysis for Scale Development is the psychometric application of EFA in which an item pool is administered and the resulting response data are analysed to discover the latent factor structure underlying the items. Originating with Spearman's (1904) factor theory and formalised for applied scale construction by Costello and Osborne (2005) and Fabrigar and colleagues (1999), this variant imposes a stricter sample requirement (n ≥ 100, subject-to-item ratio ≥ 5) and a higher loading threshold (≥ 0.40) than general EFA, and it treats the recovered factor structure as a draft to be subsequently validated by confirmatory analysis.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.