Banister TRIMP
The Training Impulse (TRIMP) model, developed by Eric Banister and colleagues (1975), quantifies the physiological stimulus of a training session by combining duration and intensity. The Banister fitness-fatigue model proposes that training effects on performance follow two opposing dynamics: fitness (beneficial) accumulates with time constant tau_f (~42 days) and fatigue (temporary decrement) accumulates faster but decays quickly (tau_d ~5-10 days). By tracking TRIMP and modeling these two processes, coaches can predict performance trajectories and optimize training load. Although superseded by newer frameworks, the Banister model remains influential and intuitive.
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- Banister, E. W., Calvert, T. W., Savage, M. V., & Bach, T. (1975). A systems model of training responses and its relationship to muscular strength. Transactions of the ASME, 97(3), 177-183. · URL
- Morton, R. H., Frick, U., & Bazalgette, D. (2005). Modeling human performance in running. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(6), 2393-2402. · URL
- Clarke, D. C., & Skiba, P. F. (2013). Rationale and resources for teaching the mathematical modeling of athletic training and performance. Advances in Physiology Education, 37(2), 134-142. · DOI 10.1152/advan.00078.2011
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