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| Skala Kepemimpinan Transformatif× | Survei Kepuasan Kerja× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Perilaku Organisasi | Perilaku Organisasi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal | 1985 | 1985 |
| Pencetus≠ | Bernard M. Bass and Bruce J. Avolio | Paul E. Spector |
| Tipe | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press. ISBN: 978-0029015001 | Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | TLS, MLQ, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire | JSS |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS), operationalized in the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), was developed by Bass and Avolio (1985, 1991) to measure leadership styles across a continuum from transactional to transformational. Transformational leadership comprises four dimensions: idealized influence (role modeling and inspiration), inspirational motivation (articulating compelling vision), intellectual stimulation (encouraging innovation), and individualized consideration (personalized development). The scale has become foundational in organizational psychology and management research for understanding leadership effectiveness and organizational outcomes. | The Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) is a 36-item, multidimensional self-report questionnaire developed by Paul Spector in 1985. It assesses nine facets of job satisfaction including pay, promotion, supervision, work itself, fringe benefits, coworkers, communication, working conditions, and management. The JSS has become one of the most widely used job satisfaction instruments in organizational research and practice. |
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