Módszerek összehasonlítása

	Sense of Belonging Scale	Student Engagement Scale
Tudományterület	Pedagógiai pszichológia	Pedagógiai pszichológia
Módszercsalád	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Keletkezés éve	1993	2004
Megalkotó	Carol Goodenow	Jennifer Fredricks, Phyllis Blumenfeld, Alison Paris
Típus	School belonging perception scale	Multidimensional engagement assessment
Alapmű	Goodenow, C. (1993). Classroom belonging among early adolescent students: relationships to motivation and achievement. Journal of Early Adolescence, 13(1), 21-43.	Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59-109.
Alternatív nevek	SOBS, School Belonging Measure	SES, Academic Engagement Measure
Kapcsolódó	4	4
Összefoglaló	The Sense of Belonging Scale (SOBS) measures students' perceptions of their connectedness and acceptance within the school community. Developed by Goodenow (1993), it assesses whether students feel valued, included, and connected to peers and teachers. Sense of belonging is a critical psychological need and a powerful predictor of academic motivation, engagement, mental health, and persistence, particularly for students from underrepresented groups.	The Student Engagement Scale (SES) measures the extent to which students are actively involved in academic and social aspects of school or university life. Grounded in Fredricks et al.'s multidimensional framework, the instrument assesses behavioral engagement (participation, attendance, effort), emotional engagement (interest, belonging, enthusiasm), and cognitive engagement (mental effort, deep thinking, persistence). High engagement is consistently associated with better learning outcomes and well-being.